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Talks

Notes for a talk on

Brick Pits and other Old Holes on Bernard's Heath

by Chris Reynolds

Presented at the St Albans & District Local History Autumn Conference

on 22nd October at the Verulamium Museum

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The Heath Brick & Pottery Works

The Little Meadow is the site of Fontmell Close.

Brickmakers associated with the site in the 19th century were William Bennett, James Vass, Christopher Miskin and Jacob Reynolds. Lime was burnt there for some 50 years to about 1893 and some chalk could have been used in making the bricks.

Brickmaking ceased shortly after 1900 and some pits may have been dug in Nooking Field.

The big question is where did the chalk to make the lime come from? Were there extra deep holes or even a mine.

At a brickworks near Hertford it seems that a number of 20-30 foot deep shafts were dug 5ft in diameter with the chalk being quarried at the bottom - Perhaps something like the shape of the well-known Royston cave.  There was also a large chalk mine some miles away at Boxmoor.


There is detailed biographical information online on four brickmakers who worked in the area in the 19th century

William Bennett (1800-1862):  He was a builder who had brick and lime kilns on Bernards Heath and in 1861 his occupation was described as a brickmaker employing 17 labourers.

James Vass (1805-1872): Appears to have run the old-established and well-known BRICK and LIME YARD, situate on Bernard’s Heath for a short time after William Bennett's death.

Christopher Miskin (1830-1930): Predominately a major local builder who also made bricks on the Heath. The brickfield area to the East of Sandridge Road continued as a builders yard long after the brickmaking had finished.

Jacob Reynolds (1936-1926): He farmed Heath Farm, and ran a mahor dairy supplying milk to St Albans. His involvement with bricks undoubtedly arose because the brick earth was being dug on the farm. In 1894 he was involved in the installation of a brick-making machine from Australia


An accident, in which two men died, was reported in the Hertford Mercury for 27 November, 1852. It happened in a chalk pit at a brickworks near Port Vale, Hertford. In this case soft chalk was being dug and the normal procedure with such pits was to sink a shaft some 20 to 30 feet and 5 feet in diameter and then extract the chalk at this level - presumably forming a chamber. Many such pits could have been dug in the Bernards Heath area over the years - and some might have expanded into quite a large mine.


It is planned to add further notes to this slide

Following the talk (thanks Roger) a reference to the brickworks on Harpenden made me look again at the information I had on William Bennett. The 1884 map (right) of the brickworks on the edge of Harpenden Common near Hatching Greens hows that there was a shaft shaft which was almost certainly the entrance to an underground chalk mine

The lower map shows his other brickworks at Bennett's End, Hemel Hempstead, and shows the presence of a well within the brick works area

This is relevant to the Fontmell Close incident as we know Bennett had lime kilns on Bernards Heath and there was a chalk mine entered by a shaft on the brick field at Harpenden, and what must have been a deep well at his works in Hemel Hempstead. As he made lime at the Little Meadow Brick Works he is likely to have mined chalk, and had a deep well. Any mine shaft or well could well have been capped when the brickworks was closed and before the area was used to dump rubbish.

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