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Talks

Notes for a talk on

Brick Pits and other Old Holes on Bernard's Heath

by Chris Reynolds

Presented at the St Albans & District Local History Autumn Conference

on 22nd October at the Verulamium Museum

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Temporary Brick Works on Building Sites

There were other temporary brick making sites. If you were developing a housing estate, or erecting a large building, some builders would make the bricks "on site". In the distant past this happened for Hatfield House and the old house at Gorhambury, and around 1900 for Hill End Hospital.

St Peter's Brickworks was next to the site where St Saviour's Church was built , and was almost certainly opened by James Dickson. Some of the brick earth may have come from near Heath Farm as in 1890 5 year old Leonard Margrave was drowned in one of the pits. However at least one pit was dug in the middle of the estate as in June 1893 two boys were rescued from drowning in a 20 foot deep pit between Culver Road and Heath Road. The brickworks closed in 1899.


See Biography of James Dickson (1844-1927)


Selected News Items, etc.

The Herts Advertiser of 31st March 1888 report on a meeting of the Sandridge Vestry in which it was said "the fact that Mr Dickson was now erecting a new brick kiln nearer towards Sandridge [New Town - i.e. Culver Road area] than the others, and it was stated that the fumes of smoke being close to the cottages, the occupiers would not be able to remain in them when the wind was in a certain direction, and it was asked what steps could be taken to prevent what would undoubtedly prove a serious nuisance. – The subject the dropped, it being understood that the chairman [Dr Griffith] would investigate the matter.

The Herts Advertiser of 19th April, 1890, included a very detailed account of the death of Leonard Margrave in a clay pit owned by J. Dickson, and Jacob Reynolds, of Heath farm, helped the police to recover the body from a pit behind the farm. The paper also included the following editorial which clearly relates to excavating clay pits on the area sold for housing:

Shall the death-traps, as the ponds on Bernards Heath have tritely been designated, be left to work further desolation, to swallow up more little innocents, and to bring grief unspeakable into other homes, or shall they not? This is a question which every parent living in that populous and growing district has a right to ask, and one to which eash and all have a right to demand a very definite and explicit answer. We do not wish to say one word which will add to the mortification which the responsible parties must already feel in the silence of their own minds, but in the interests of the public we cannot refrain from remarking that, had the very first stipulation under which the land was sold been complied with, it would have been almost impossible for the sad fatality, which took place last Friday, to have happened. This stipulation distinctly provides that “each purchaser shall, within one month after being let in possession of the let or lets purchased by him, erect and shall always maintain boundary fences on the south-east and south-west sides thereof.” This proviso has not been carried out, and moreover, a portion of the land, instead of being used purely for building purposes, has been converted into a clay-field with innumerable pits, some of which are twenty  or thirty feet deep. Many of these  pits are more than half full of water, and their dangerous nature can therefore be imagined. The voice of warning has been frequently heard, and as frequently unheeded, and now a young life has been sacrificed. At present we may be disposed to characterise the action, or rather the inaction, of the responsible parties, whoever they may be, as a careless omission; but what shall we say if this omission is not speedily rectified?

On 10th May, 1890 the Herts Advertiser published the following note:

I notice with pleasure that Mr Dickson has fenced in his ground on Bernard’s Heath, so as to as far as possible keep children from the dangerous pits where Leonard Margrave recently lost his life. The barbed wire and wooden railings are certainly an improvement, but if youngsters are determined to get into danger, such obstacles are easily surmounted. It is hoped that adjoining owners will follow Mr. Dickson’s example, and make some effort to keep the juveniles away from such dangerous spots.

In 1893 the deep brick pit between Culver Road and St Johns Road nearly claimed a victim as the Herts Advertiser of 24th June reports.

NARROW ESCAPE from drowning

GALLANT RESCUE

Between Culver and St John’s-roads on Bernards Heath there is situated a very dangerous pond, which in some places is nearly twenty feet deep, and on Monday evening this was the scene of two narrow escapes from drowning and an exciting and gallant rescue. Two boys about eight or nine years of age, named Bacon and Sibley  respectively, were playing round the pond at 8 p.m. and the latter got on a thick plank which was floating on the water. He over-balanced and fell into the deep water. Although the spot where Sibley was was beyond his depth, Bacon very quickly jumped in, hoping to render assistance, but as neither of the boys could swim they were in imminent risk of drowning. They however managed to cry out for help, and Charles Paul, a workman living close by in St John’s-road, fortunately heard them. Running up to the pond he took in the situation at a glance, and at once plunged in, just as he was with only his coat off, and endeavoured to rescue the lads. Bacon he managed to bring to the bank without much difficulty, but not so Sibley, who had already sunk once or twice. He was fully five minutes before he could bring him out in safety, and the boy’s struggles in his half-drowned condition well nigh ended fatally for both himself and his rescuer. Eventually, after great difficulty, and after having sunk two or three times, Paul got the lad close up to the edge of the pond, and both were then pulled on shore in a very exhausted condition by a man called Grover, who had come to render assistance with a rake. A cyclist went off with all dispatch to fetch a doctor, and Dr Fraser (Dr Boys assistant) arrived with commendable promptness upon the scene. Both Paul and Sibley were conveyed home as soon as possible and received the usual treatment in cases of drowning, and, we are glad to state, have now recovered from the effects of their severe immersion. The second lad, Bacon, was hardly the worse for his adventure, and was able to walk home without assistance. The highest praise must be accorded to Paul for his gallant rescue, as but for him one at least, and probably both of the boys would have been drowned. As effort is, we understand, being made to get Paul the medal of the Royal Humane Society for gallantry.

The following Advertisement, from the Herts Advertiser of 4th November, 1899, signifies the final closure of the yard:

ST PETERS BRICK YARD, HEATH ROAD, ST ALBANS

SALE OF BRICKMAKER’S PLANT

Messrs HARDING, LOW & HARDING

Are favoured with instructions to sell by auction, on the premises, on Friday, November 7th, 1899, at Twelve for One o’clock.

The whole of the BRICKMAKING PLANT at the above works, which are about to be closed, comprising a corrugated iron and timber-built engine shed, and brickmaking machine ditto, a 4-h.p. Portable Engine, set of Rolls and Pug Mill, Washing Mill, Mortar Mill, Brickmaking Machine, one 10in, one 8in, two 6in, and one 4in. Centrifugal Pumps with Suction Pipes complete, wheelbarrows, weathering, and all the usual plant of a brickmaker.

Catalogues may be obtained of Messrs Harding, Low and Harding, estate agents, land and timber surveyors and auctioneers, 49 Finsbury Pavement, London, E.C. and St Albans

It is clear that if you were building a posh house in the nearby St Peters Park area the last thing you would want is for someone to buy an adjacent plot and open a brickworks. This is almost certainly why, when land associated with Hall Place was put up for sale in 1904 the conditions said.

No gravel, sand, or brick earth shall at any time be dug or removed from any part of these lots beyond that which it might be necessary to remove for the purposes of excavating for foundations, basements, or approaches ... and in no case shall any gravel, sand or brick earth be removed ... for the purpose of sale.

Sale particulars, Hall Place, 2nd March, 1904, St Albans City Museum

     
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